找回密码

Reset Password

  • 获取验证码

  • 弱 中 强

案例库

CASES

首页 · 案例库

从“各自为政”到“同舟共济”：京津冀协同治理下密云水库的生态补偿实践之路

浏览量:234下载量:2

  • 案例名称：

    从“各自为政”到“同舟共济”：京津冀协同治理下密云水库的生态补偿实践之路

  • 案例作者：

    郭珊

  • 作者单位：

    中国人民大学

  • 适用对象：

    本科,学术硕士,MPA,

  • 入库时间：

    2025年10月27日

  • 专业分类：

    土地资源管理

  • 案例类型：

    跨学科案例

  • 编写方式：

    采编

  • 语言：

    中文

  • 关键词：

    密云水库、京津冀、生态协同治理、生态补偿

pdf

下载

中文摘要：

密云水库，这座镶嵌于潮白河畔的“燕山明珠”，自诞生之日起便肩负着保障京畿安澜的重任，如今更是首都北京不可或缺的地表饮用水源地与水资源战略储备基地。然而，随着时代发展，工业化与城市化的浪潮一度让这片碧波蒙尘。20世纪80年代以来，上游无序开发、工农业污染与生活污水叠加，使潮白河流域生态系统持续退化，密云水库的水源安全面临空前挑战。 为守护这“一盆清水”，上游的河北省做出了巨大牺牲。从“稻改旱”到全面禁牧，从调整产业结构到关停污染工矿，一系列“壮士断腕”的举措有效涵养了水源，却也让地处“环首都贫困带”的上游地区经济发展步履维艰。“上游饿着肚子保生态，下游坐享成果谋发展”，这种权责的失衡，让跨区域治理陷入困局。 京津冀协同发展战略的东风，为破局带来了历史性机遇。通过构建跨区域生态补偿机制，一条“谁保护、谁受益”的共赢之路徐徐铺开。北京作为下游受益者，以资金反哺上游保护者，激励河北实施更严格的生态治理。这一创新机制，推动流域治理从“各自为政”迈向“同舟共济”，实现了生态效益与经济利益的初步平衡。密云水库水质稳步提升，生态环境重焕生机，协同治理成效卓著。然而，显著成效背后，生态补偿标准、资金结构与长效机制等深层次问题依然存在。密云水库的守护之路，是一场久久为功的接力赛，仍需在协同共治的探索中不断深耕。

英文摘要：

Miyun Reservoir, known as the “Pearl of Yanshan Mountains” nestled along the Chaobai River, has carried the vital responsibility of ensuring the safety and tranquility of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region since its inception. Today, it stands as an indispensable surface drinking water source and strategic water reserve for China’s capital, Beijing. However, with the tides of industrialization and urbanization, the once-clear waters of the reservoir became clouded. Since the 1980s, unchecked upstream development, industrial and agricultural pollution, and untreated domestic sewage have led to the continuous degradation of the Chaobai River basin’s ecosystem, posing unprecedented challenges to the reservoir’s water security. In order to protect this "basin of clear water", Hebei Province, located upstream, has made enormous sacrifices. From converting paddy fields to dryland farming and implementing total grazing bans, to restructuring industries and shutting down polluting enterprises and mines, a series of bold and painful measures have been taken to preserve the water source. Yet these efforts have come at a steep cost, severely hampering economic growth in upstream areas that lie within the “poverty belt surrounding the capital”. The imbalance of “the upstream tightening its belt to protect the ecology, while the downstream enjoys the benefits and pursues development” has led to a governance dilemma marked by uneven responsibilities and rewards. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Strategy has brought a historic opportunity to resolve this impasse. By establishing a cross-regional ecological compensation mechanism, a path of mutual benefit — “those who protect shall benefit” — has gradually taken shape. As a downstream beneficiary, Beijing channels financial support upstream to incentivize Hebei’s stricter ecological governance. This innovative mechanism has shifted watershed management from fragmented, self-serving efforts to a model of shared responsibility and collective action, creating an initial balance between ecological protection and economic development. The water quality of Miyun Reservoir has steadily improved, the surrounding ecological environment is recovering, and the results of collaborative governance are evident. Nevertheless, behind these achievements lie deeper issues: standards for ecological compensation, the structure of funding, and the need for a sustainable long-term mechanism all remain unresolved. The protection of Miyun Reservoir is a long-term relay race — one that still requires persistent efforts and deeper cooperation under the framework of coordinated governance.