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“村民协力、共育青山”：S 村造林合作社的发展之旅

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  • 案例名称：

    “村民协力、共育青山”：S 村造林合作社的发展之旅

  • 案例作者：

    张译文

  • 作者单位：

    中国人民大学

  • 适用对象：

    本科,学术硕士,MPA,博士,

  • 入库时间：

    2024年12月01日

  • 专业分类：

    土地资源管理

  • 案例类型：

    传统案例（经典案例）

  • 编写方式：

    采编

  • 语言：

    中文

  • 关键词：

    自组织，集体行动，合作社，社区林业，森林治理

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中文摘要：

我国农村拥有丰富的集体产权自然资源资产，其有效管理依赖于社区集体行动。在社会经济转型和政策变革的宏观背景下，理解乡村社区自然资源管理集体行动的形成机理和内在逻辑至关重要。本案例讲述了一个乡村林业社区如何建立和运营造林合作社的故事。面对如何在采伐迹地上完成造林的难题，S村成功组织集体行动、成立造林合作社，由村民共同筹资造林、共享风险与收益。造林合作社在组织结构、股权设置、成员加入与退出等诸多方面进行制度创新，成功动员了村庄内外的各类资源。然而，随着时间推移，合作社也遇到了诸如领导层新老交替、耕山队老龄化、林木产权模糊、法律地位不明等挑战，它们考验着合作社的应变能力和可持续性。通过展示农村社区组织集体行动克服外部制约、实现集体自然资源资产有效管理的过程，本案例不仅为其他农村地区提供可借鉴的经验，也启发了政策制定者思考如何优化法律法规政策，促进乡村集体经济发展、社区善治和自然资源可持续治理。

英文摘要：

China's rural areas are rich in collectively-owned natural resource assets. The effective management of these assets relies on villagers’ collective action within the community. Against the backdrop of socio-economic transformation and policy change, understanding the mechanisms and internal logic behind community collective action in natural resource management is crucial. This case study describes the story of a forestry community that established and operated a re-forestation cooperative. Faced with the challenge of completing re-forestation on cut-over sites, Village S successfully organized collective action by establishing a re-forestation cooperative, where villagers jointly financed re-forestation and shared risks and benefits. The re-forestation cooperative has innovated in many aspects such as organizational structure, equity setting, and member entry and exit, successfully mobilizing various resources inside and outside the village. However, as time goes by, the cooperative has also faced challenges such as the alternation of leadership, the aging of the re-forestation team, unclear forest property rights, and an ambiguous legal status, which challenge the cooperative's ability to adapt and test its potential for sustainable development. This case demonstrates how a rural community can overcome external constraints and effectively manage collectively-owned natural resource assets through collective action. It not only provides valuable experience for other rural areas but also inspires policymakers to consider how to formulate policies that promote the development of rural collective economies, enhance good community governance, and realize sustainable management of natural resources.