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当外来物种悄然登陆 ——云南福寿螺生物入侵风险及治理之路

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  • 案例名称：

    当外来物种悄然登陆 ——云南福寿螺生物入侵风险及治理之路

  • 案例作者：

    吴嘉怡

  • 作者单位：

    江苏师范大学公共管理与社会学院

  • 适用对象：

    本科,

  • 入库时间：

    2023年10月06日

  • 专业分类：

    公共安全与应急管理

  • 案例类型：

    传统案例（经典案例）

  • 编写方式：

    采编

  • 语言：

    中文

  • 关键词：

    生物入侵；危机管理；福寿螺；防治措施

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中文摘要：

2021年9月29号，习近平总书记在主持加强我国生物安全建设进行第三十三次集体学习学习时强调，要加强国家生物安全风险防控和治理体系建设，提高国家生物安全治理能力。我国是遭受外来入侵物种危害最严重的国家之一，在生物多样性、农业系统发展、生态环境保护等多方面一直深受其害，如何对外来入侵物种进行有效的控制与管理，是国家持续健康发展所必须考虑的问题。然而实际操作过程中，政府面临着入侵物种繁殖速度快、防治手段有限、主体不够重视等一系列现实问题，生物入侵管理举步维艰。如何探寻更优质有效的治理措施与管理方法，考验着政府的治理水平和智慧。云南作为受福寿螺侵害最严重的城市之一，在最近两三年来中，已发生了极大的变化。云南福寿螺治理何以成功？这背后又有着怎样的波折呢？本案例讲述了云南省治理福寿螺历程中，政府与人民通力合作，通过再委托最终达到灭螺新高度，打响灭螺“人民战争”的全过程。案例运用元治理理论、敏捷治理理论和政策注意力理论在新型风险治理视域下构建福寿螺治理逻辑分析框架，以期深入剖析政府及相关主体在生物安全治理过程中得与失，为外来物种入侵治理提供了新思路。

英文摘要：

China is one of the countries that suffer most from the harm of alien invasive species. It has been suffering from biodiversity, agricultural system development, ecological environment protection and other aspects. How to effectively control and manage alien invasive species is a problem that must be considered for the sustainable and healthy development of the country. However, in the process of actual operation, the government is faced with a series of practical problems, such as rapid reproduction of invasive species, limited prevention and control means, and insufficient attention from the main body, which makes biological invasion management difficult. How to explore better and effective governance measures and management methods will test the governance level and wisdom of the government. Yunnan, as one of the most seriously damaged cities, has undergone great changes in the past two or three years. How did Yunnan snails manage successfully? What are the twists and turns behind this? This case describes the whole process of the "people's war" against snails in Yunnan Province, in which the government and the people worked together to achieve a new level of snail eradication through recomittal. The case uses meta governance theory, agile governance theory and policy attention theory to build a logical analysis framework of snails governance from the perspective of new risk governance, in order to deeply analyze the gains and losses of the government and relevant subjects in the process of bio-safety governance, and provide new ideas for the governance of alien species invasion.