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从寻求依附到双向嵌入：中国草根社会组织的行动策略变迁——以武汉市观鸟协会为例

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  • 案例名称：

    从寻求依附到双向嵌入：中国草根社会组织的行动策略变迁——以武汉市观鸟协会为例

  • 案例作者：

    邹小天

  • 作者单位：

    华中科技大学公共管理学院

  • 适用对象：

    本科,学术硕士,MPA,

  • 入库时间：

    2023年12月06日

  • 专业分类：

    非营利组织管理

  • 案例类型：

    传统案例（经典案例）

  • 编写方式：

    采编

  • 语言：

    中文

  • 关键词：

    环境治理 制度企业家 草根NGO 行动策略

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中文摘要：

草根社会组织是促进共建共治共享治理格局中体现社会活力和自治潜能的重要主体，但在中国威权主义的背景下，其体现出过度依赖政府财源和不对等权力关系的特点。政治体制的变化几乎决定了草根NGO的成长空间，二十余年间，社会组织的政策环境经历了复杂的“收放”演变，形塑着社会组织行动策略的调适。本案例讲述了武汉市观鸟协会，从一个由兴趣而聚合、边缘求生的草根组织到利用公益创投、免费服务渠道戴上“官帽子”，与政府建立起合作；再到因行政脱钩和同质性组织竞争压力、濒临解散、陷入生存危机，却又能及时变革组织旧有形态，专业化经营管理，最终变成了有力的环境改变者和政策倡导者这曲折的历程。探究它在变动的环境中是如何实现长期生存和发展，对解释环境变迁中草根社会组织制度企业家调用制度资源，调适行动策略，塑造制度模式的内在机制，对于理解社会组织的能动策略，建构环境治理的合作制度具有重要意义。

英文摘要：

Grassroots social organizations are important agents of social vitality and self-governance potential in the context of shared governance, but in the context of China's authoritarianism, they are characterized by excessive dependence on government funding and unequal power relations. Changes in the political system have almost dictated the space for grassroots NGOs to grow, and over the past two decades, the policy environment for social organizations has undergone a complex "take-it-or-leave-it" evolution, shaping the adaptation of social organizations' action strategies. This case tells the story of Wuhan Bird Watching Association, from a grassroots organization that gathered by interest and survived on the edge, to an organization that used public welfare investment and free service channels to put on the "official hat" and establish cooperation with the government; to an organization that was on the verge of disbanding and falling into survival crisis due to administrative decoupling and competition pressure from homogeneous organizations, but was able to change its old But it was able to change the old form of the organization and professionalize its management, and finally became a powerful environmental change agent and policy advocate. It is important to explore how it achieves long-term survival and development in the changing environment, to explain the inner mechanism of grassroots social organization system entrepreneurs to call institutional resources, adapt action strategies, and shape institutional models in the changing environment, to understand the dynamic strategies of social organizations, and to construct a cooperative system of environmental governance.