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应急救援的管理要件与风险防控——以泰国“睡美人洞”救援事件为例

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  • 案例名称：

    应急救援的管理要件与风险防控——以泰国“睡美人洞”救援事件为例

  • 案例作者：

    唐钧　 　

  • 作者单位：

    中国人民大学

  • 适用对象：

    本科,学术硕士,MPA,博士,其他,

  • 入库时间：

    2021年09月29日

  • 专业分类：

    公共安全与应急管理

  • 案例类型：

    传统案例（经典案例）

  • 编写方式：

    采编

  • 语言：

    中文

  • 关键词：

    泰国洞穴救援；应急管理要件；风险防控

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中文摘要：

在极端恶劣的自然条件下，洞穴救援难度大，容易造成救助对象和救援人员的伤亡。以2018年泰国“睡美人洞”洞穴救援为例，共有1名教练和12名少年足球队队员受困于洞穴中。尽管最终受困的13人被救出，但有两名救援队员不幸牺牲。所以为避免应急救援中的伤亡悲剧发生，需要在救援的全流程中，加强风险防控，形成完善的应急流程与工作要件。 结合本案例中应急救援的全流程，总结出九方面的应急管理要件，一是做好分类分级与风险评估工作；二是完善应急响应机制建设，快速启动应急预案；三是救援信息收集快真准全，基于应急“信息流”完善信息传递渠道；四是应急决策注重风险控制，基于充分信息进行科学论证；五是应急救援准备的全面风险控制，谨防人员伤亡；六是专业救援与切断连锁反应；七是救援中生理和心理的双重“医护”与多方联动的展开；八是做好新闻发布与舆情风控工作；九是灾后风险整改与开展国际合作。 综合九个方面的管理要件，在洞穴乃至其它救援中，均需要建立安全、科学和可行的决策方案，不仅防止救援中的人员伤亡，而且能够在最短的时间内完成全部工作。

英文摘要：

Under extreme natural conditions, cave rescue is difficult and prone to cause casualties among rescue victims and rescuers. In the 2018 "Sleeping Beauty Cave" cave rescue in Thailand, for example, a total of one coach and 12 junior soccer team members were trapped in the cave. Although 13 people were eventually rescued, two rescuers unfortunately died. Therefore, in order to avoid the tragedy of casualties in emergency rescue, it is necessary to strengthen risk prevention and control in the whole process of rescue, and form a perfect emergency process and work elements. Combined with the whole process of emergency rescue in this case, nine aspects of emergency management elements are summarized, one is to do a good job of classification and risk assessment; two is to improve the construction of emergency response mechanism, rapid start of emergency plans; three is the rescue information collection fast, accurate and complete, based on emergency "information flow" to improve the information transfer channels; four is the emergency decision-making focus on Risk control, based on sufficient information for scientific proof; five is the comprehensive risk control of emergency rescue preparation, to prevent casualties; six is professional rescue and cut off the chain reaction; seven is the rescue of physiological and psychological dual "medical care" and the development of multi-party linkage; eight is to do a good job of news release and public opinion risk control; nine is the post-disaster risk correction and International cooperation. Comprehensive nine management elements, in the cave and even other rescue, need to establish a safe, scientific and feasible decision-making program, not only to prevent casualties in the rescue, but also to complete all the work in the shortest possible time.